Guide for Setting Up and Customizing WordPress on AlmaLinux 9
In this guide, we'll walk you through the process of installing and configuring a WordPress site on AlmaLinux 9, a free, open-source RHEL-based operating system popular for web hosting environments. By following these steps, you'll set up a fully functional, secure, and optimized WordPress on AlmaLinux 9, with MariaDB as the database backend, PHP-FPM, and Nginx as the web server.
**Prepare AlmaLinux 9 System**
1. Update your system packages: ```bash sudo dnf update -y ``` 2. Install EPEL repository and essential software for web hosting: ```bash sudo dnf install epel-release -y sudo dnf install nginx mariadb-server mariadb php php-mysqlnd php-fpm php-cli php-gd php-xml php-mbstring php-curl php-json wget unzip -y ```
**Set up MariaDB (Database Server)**
3. Start and enable MariaDB: ```bash sudo systemctl start mariadb sudo systemctl enable mariadb ``` 4. Secure your MariaDB installation: ```bash sudo mysql_secure_installation ``` Set a strong root password, remove anonymous users, disallow root remote login, remove test database, and reload privilege tables.
5. Create WordPress database and user: Access the MariaDB CLI and run the necessary commands to create the database and user.
**Download and Configure WordPress**
6. Download WordPress latest version: ```bash cd /tmp curl -O https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz tar xzvf latest.tar.gz ``` 7. Copy WordPress files to your web server root: ```bash sudo cp -a /tmp/wordpress/. /var/www/html/wordpress ``` 8. Set ownership and permissions: ```bash sudo chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www/html/wordpress sudo find /var/www/html/wordpress/ -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \; sudo find /var/www/html/wordpress/ -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \; ``` 9. Configure WordPress to connect to the database: ```bash sudo cp /var/www/html/wordpress/wp-config-sample.php /var/www/html/wordpress/wp-config.php sudo nano /var/www/html/wordpress/wp-config.php ``` Update the database info in the config file.
**Configure Web Server (Nginx example)**
10. Create a server block for WordPress in `/etc/nginx/conf.d/wordpress.conf`: ```nginx server { listen 80; server_name your_domain_or_ip;
root /var/www/html/wordpress; index index.php index.html index.htm;
location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args; }
location ~ \.php$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/www.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; }
location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } } ``` 11. Test Nginx config and reload: ```bash sudo nginx -t sudo systemctl reload nginx ``` 12. Start and enable PHP-FPM: ```bash sudo systemctl start php-fpm sudo systemctl enable php-fpm ```
**Enable HTTPS with Let’s Encrypt SSL (optional but recommended)**
13. Install Certbot for AlmaLinux: ```bash sudo dnf install certbot python3-certbot-nginx -y ``` 14. Obtain and install SSL certificate: ```bash sudo certbot --nginx -d your_domain ```
**Optimize Performance and Security**
15. Enable caching via plugins. 16. Limit PHP execution and memory in `/etc/php.ini`. 17. Enable firewall to allow HTTP/HTTPS and limit other traffic. 18. Set proper permissions, avoiding writable files by others. 19. Regularly update WordPress, themes, and plugins. 20. Secure `wp-config.php` by adding `define('DISALLOW_FILE_EDIT', true);` above `WP_DEBUG`. 21. Consider installing security plugins like Wordfence.
By following these steps, you'll have a secure and optimized WordPress installation on AlmaLinux 9. To update the server, run the command to update all system packages and install the latest security patches.
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